International Journal of Orofacial Biology

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Tooth mobility is caused by the loss of tooth-supporting structures. Increased tooth mobility has a negative impact on function, appearance, and patient comfort. Splints are utilized to solve all of these issues. Splinting mobile teeth to stronger adjacent teeth is a possible solution when faced with the challenge of how to maintain periodontally damaged teeth. This extends the life of loose teeth and provides stability for the periodontium. Tooth stabilization and splinting have been used to reduce tooth mobility, replace lost teeth, and improve shape, function, and esthetics since ancient civilization. Conservative bonding treatments to splint teeth have become a popular option to more intrusive restorative operations in recent years. Splinting its, basic concepts, classifications indications, contraindications, limitations, and various splints from past to present are all discussed in this article.

Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing field, focused on the creation of functional materials, devices, and systems by controlling matter on a nanometer scale, and the utilization of novel phenomena and properties at that length scale. The application of nanotechnology in periodontology holds promise for the maintenance of comprehensive health care by using nanomaterials, including tissue engineering and nanorobots. A literature review was carried out on Google Scholar and PubMed about nanotechnology in periodontics, and the data have been taken from the selected articles and reviewed. This review gives an up-to-date view on nanotechnology, their role in diagnosis and management of periodontal diseases.

Periodontal microsurgery is an advance in the field of periodontal surgical procedures. It has been described as the methodology where there is modification and refinement of the existing surgical procedure with the use of magnification to improve visualization and has implications and applicability to all specialties. The criteria for the success of the treatments performed to improve esthetics may be different compared to the surgical procedures where the main goal is to improve periodontal health and restore the function. Therefore, the use of the surgical microscope in periodontal surgery is less documented with only few studies addressing the advantages of the application of magnification to periodontal surgery. The resource for the article was obtained through search in the web with the inclusion of case reports and comparative studies. This article presents an overview of magnifying tools available and their applications in periodontics.

Lipoma is most common tumor of mesenchymal origin and is rarely seen in the oral and maxillofacial region. The etiology is still unknown. Various theories are given explaining the pathogenesis of adipose tissue tumor. Intraoral lipoma is a rare entity, painless and mostly diagnosed on a routine dental check-up. We report a case of intraoral lipoma on the buccal mucosa of a 60-year-old female patient with its ultrasonographic appearance in detail.

Introduction: Tobacco use in India is characterized by a high prevalence of smoking and smokeless tobacco use, with dual use also contributing a noticeable proportion. Cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, is commonly used as a biomarker for the evaluation of smoking, as well as the exposure to tobacco smoke and passive smoking. Urinary excretion of cotinine is a good marker as it is less influenced by the flow of urine and pH. Cotinine quantification thus provides an objective quantitative measure which is more reliable than the smoking history or counting the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the urinary coitinine level and to correlate with the level of tobacco dependence among smokers. Materials and Methods: It is a cross-sectional study conducted among company employees, Chennai. Sample size n = 44. Study subjects with age group between 20 and 55 years with a habit of smoking for a period of 2 years were included in the study. First section includes the collection of demographic information such as name, age, gender, occupation, and marital status. The second section comprises questionnaire to assess about duration of tobacco usage, reason for tobacco usage, and Fagestron nicotine dependence scale were used to assess the level of dependence of study participant. The third section includes a collection of urine samples. Urine samples are to be collected in empty plastic sterile containers. Subject code to be marked in the sterile container. It is frozen at 20°C. The coitinine content was assessed using COT rapid test caseette. Results: The mean age and smoking duration of study subjects were 28.8 years and 6.6 years. About 34 (77.3%) of study subjects belong to the age group of 20–30 years. In 20–30-year age group, 75% (33) and 2.3% (1) belong to skilled and semi-skilled worker. About 2.3% of 51–60-year age group of participant belong to skilled worker. Low nicotine dependence level was found in 40.9% (18), 13.6% (6), and 4.5% (1) of study participants. Urinary coitinine level was found to be more than 200 ng among all study participants. It shows the chronic nature of smoking habit of study subjects. Conclusion: Urinary coitinine level was found to be positive among smokers. Smoking habit has a negative effect on oral as well as on general health. Hence, Tobacco control policies in India should adopt a targeted, population-based approach to control and reduce tobacco consumption in the country.

Online since 19^th August, 2016